Matsalar Fasaha a Samar da Fata ta wucin gadi ta PVC da Muhimmancin Matsayin Masu Daidaitawa

Fata ta wucin gadi da aka yi da PVC (PVC-AL) ta ci gaba da zama abin da ya fi shahara a cikin kayan ciki na motoci, kayan daki, da yadi na masana'antu saboda daidaiton farashi, iya sarrafawa, da kuma sauƙin amfani da shi. Duk da haka, tsarin kera ta yana fama da ƙalubalen fasaha na asali waɗanda suka samo asali daga halayen sinadarai na polymer - ƙalubalen da ke shafar aikin samfura kai tsaye, bin ƙa'idodi, da ingancin samarwa.

Lalacewar Zafi: Babban Shafi

Rashin daidaiton PVC a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun (160–200°C) shine babban abin da ke haifar da matsala. Polymer yana fuskantar dehydrochlorination (kawar da HCl) ta hanyar amsawar sarkar da ke haifar da kansa, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli uku masu tasowa:

• Katsewar tsari:HCl da aka saki yana lalata kayan aikin ƙarfe (kalanda, mayafin rufewa) kuma yana haifar da gelation na matrix na PVC, wanda ke haifar da lahani kamar ƙuraje a saman ko kauri mara daidaituwa.

• Canza launi na samfurin:Jerin polyene masu haɗe-haɗe da aka samar yayin lalacewa suna haifar da rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya kasa cika ƙa'idodin daidaiton launi masu tsauri don aikace-aikacen mafi girma.

• Asarar kadarorin injina:Sarkar yankewa tana raunana hanyar sadarwa ta polymer, tana rage ƙarfin tauri da juriyar tsagewa da aka gama da har zuwa kashi 30% a cikin mawuyacin hali.

Matsi Kan Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli da Dokoki

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Samar da PVC-AL na gargajiya yana fuskantar ƙarin bincike a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idojin duniya (misali, EU REACH, ƙa'idodin US EPA VOC):

• Fitar da sinadarai masu canzawa (VOC):Rushewar zafi da kuma haɗakar plasticizer mai tushen solvent suna sakin VOCs (misali, abubuwan da suka samo asali daga phthalate) waɗanda suka wuce ƙa'idodin fitar da hayaki.

• Ragowar ƙarfe masu nauyi:Tsarin daidaita kayan tarihi (misali, gubar, wanda aka yi da cadmium) yana barin gurɓatattun abubuwa, yana hana samfuran cancanta daga takaddun shaida na alamar muhalli (misali, OEKO-TEX® 100).

• Sake amfani da shi a ƙarshen rayuwa:PVC mara daidaito yana ƙara lalacewa yayin sake amfani da injina, yana haifar da gubar da ke haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa da kuma rage ingancin abincin da aka sake amfani da shi.

Rashin Dorewa A Ƙarƙashin Yanayin Sabis

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Ko da bayan samarwa, PVC-AL mara ƙarfi yana fuskantar saurin tsufa:

• Lalacewar da UV ke haifarwa:Hasken rana yana haifar da ɗaukar hoto, yana karya sarƙoƙin polymer kuma yana haifar da karyewa - wanda yake da mahimmanci ga kayan daki na mota ko na waje.

• Shigewa da na'urar filastik:Ba tare da ƙarfafa matrix mai daidaita matrix ba, masu amfani da filastik suna zubar da ruwa akan lokaci, wanda ke haifar da tauri da tsagewa.

Matsayin Rage Rage Na Masu Daidaita PVC: Hanyoyi da Darajarsu

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Masu daidaita PVC suna magance waɗannan wuraren ciwo ta hanyar niyya ga hanyoyin lalacewa a matakin kwayoyin halitta, tare da tsarin zamani da aka raba zuwa nau'ikan aiki:

▼ Na'urorin daidaita yanayin zafi

Waɗannan suna aiki a matsayin masu tara HCl da masu dakatar da sarka:

• Suna rage sinadarin HCl da aka saki (ta hanyar amsawa da sabulun ƙarfe ko ligands na halitta) don dakatar da sarrafa kansa, yana ƙara daidaiton aikin taga da mintuna 20-40.

• Masu daidaita sinadarai na halitta (misali, phenols masu hana su) suna kama ƙwayoyin cuta masu 'yanci da aka samar yayin lalacewa, suna kiyaye amincin sarkar kwayoyin halitta da kuma hana canza launinsu.

▼ Masu Daidaita Haske

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An haɗa su da tsarin zafi, suna sha ko wargaza makamashin UV:

• Masu shaƙar UV (misali, benzophenones) suna canza hasken UV zuwa zafi mara lahani, yayin da masu daidaita hasken amine (HALS) masu hana su suna sake farfaɗo da sassan polymer da suka lalace, suna ninka tsawon rayuwar kayan a waje.

▼ Tsarin Amfani da Muhalli

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Sinadaran haɗin gwiwa na calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn)sun maye gurbin nau'ikan ƙarfe masu nauyi, suna cika ƙa'idodin ƙa'idoji yayin da suke ci gaba da aiki. Hakanan suna rage fitar da hayakin VOC da kashi 15-25% ta hanyar rage lalacewar zafi yayin sarrafawa.

Masu Daidaitawa a Matsayin Maganin Tushe

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Masu daidaita PVC ba wai kawai ƙari ba ne—su ne masu ba da damar samar da PVC-AL mai inganci. Ta hanyar rage lalacewar zafi, tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodi, da kuma ƙara juriya, suna magance kurakuran polymer ɗin. Duk da haka, ba za su iya magance duk ƙalubalen masana'antu ba: ci gaba a cikin masu daidaita filastik na bio da sake amfani da sinadarai ya kasance dole don daidaita PVC-AL gaba ɗaya tare da manufofin tattalin arziki mai zagaye. A yanzu, duk da haka, tsarin daidaita PVC mafi kyau shine hanya mafi girma da inganci a fasaha zuwa fata ta wucin gadi ta PVC mai inganci da jituwa.