Fatar wucin gadi ta PVC (PVC-AL) ta kasance babban abu a cikin kayan mota, kayan kwalliya, da masakun masana'antu saboda ma'auni na farashi, iya aiki, da haɓakar kyan gani. Koyaya, tsarin masana'anta yana fama da ƙalubalen fasaha na asali waɗanda suka samo asali a cikin kaddarorin sinadarai na polymer - ƙalubale waɗanda ke tasiri kai tsaye aikin samfur, bin ƙa'ida, da ingancin samarwa.
Lalacewar thermal: Babban Shamakin Gudanarwa
Rashin kwanciyar hankali na asali na PVC a yanayin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun (160-200 ° C) yana haifar da ƙulli na farko. Polymer yana jurewa dehydrochlorination (HCl elimination) ta hanyar sarrafa sarkar mai sarrafa kansa, wanda ke haifar da al'amurra guda uku:
• Rushewar tsari:HCl da aka saki yana lalata kayan ƙarfe (kalandar, shafi ya mutu) kuma yana haifar da gelation na matrix PVC, yana haifar da lahani kamar blisters na saman ko kauri mara kyau.
• Launin samfur:Jadawalin polyene masu haɗaɗɗiyar da aka samu yayin lalacewa suna ba da launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa, rashin cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin daidaiton launi don aikace-aikacen ƙarshen zamani.
• Asarar dukiya ta injina:Sarkar sarkar yana raunana hanyar sadarwa ta polymer, yana rage ƙarfin ƙwanƙarar fata da juriya har zuwa 30% a lokuta masu tsanani.
Matsalolin Biyayyar Muhalli da Ka'idoji
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Samar da PVC-AL na al'ada yana fuskantar ƙarin bincike a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin duniya (misali, EU REACH, US EPA VOC standards):
• Wurin da ba za a iya canzawa ba (VOC) watsi:Rushewar thermal da ƙauye-tushen filasta mai haɗawa da sakin VOCs (misali, abubuwan da suka samo asali na phthalate) waɗanda suka ƙetare iyakokin fitarwa.
• Ragowar ƙarfe mai nauyi:Tsarukan daidaitawa na gado (misali gubar, tushen cadmium) suna barin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, keɓance samfuran samfuran takaddun shaida (misali, OEKO-TEX® 100).
• Maimaita ƙarshen rayuwa:PVC mara tsayayye yana ƙara ƙasƙantar da kai yayin sake yin amfani da injina, yana samar da leach mai guba da rage ingancin kayan abinci da aka sake fa'ida.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Sharuɗɗan Sabis
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Ko da bayan samarwa, PVC-AL mara ƙarfi yana fama da saurin tsufa:
• Lalacewar UV:Hasken rana yana jawo photo-oxidation, karya sarƙoƙi na polymer da haifar da ɓarna-mahimmanci ga kayan kwalliyar mota ko waje.
• Hijira mai filasta:Ba tare da ƙarfafa matrix mai tsaka-tsaki ba, masu yin filastik suna leshe akan lokaci, suna haifar da taurare da fatattaka.
Matsayin Rage Taimako na Matsalolin PVC: Makanikai da Ƙimar
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Masu daidaitawa na PVC suna magance waɗannan abubuwan zafi ta hanyar niyya hanyoyin lalacewa a matakin ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da ƙirar zamani zuwa kashi na aiki:
▼ Thermal Stabilizers
Waɗannan suna aiki azaman HCl scavengers da sarkar ƙarewa:
Suna kawar da HCl da aka saki (ta hanyar amsawa tare da sabulun ƙarfe ko ligands) don dakatar da autocatalysis, tsawaita kwanciyar hankali ta taga da mintuna 20-40.
• Masu haɗin gwiwar kwayoyin halitta (misali, phenols masu hana ruwa) tarko masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka haifar yayin lalacewa, kiyaye amincin sarkar kwayoyin halitta da hana canza launi.
▼ Light Stabilizers
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Haɗe da tsarin thermal, suna sha ko ɓatar da makamashin UV:
• Masu ɗaukar UV (misali, benzophenones) suna juyar da hasken UV zuwa zafi mara lahani, yayin da ya hana amine haske stabilizers (HALS) sabunta sassan polymer da suka lalace, suna ninka rayuwar sabis na waje.
▼ Samfuran Abokan Muhalli
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Calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn) abubuwan daidaitawasun maye gurbin bambance-bambancen ƙarfe mai nauyi, biyan buƙatun tsari yayin kiyaye aiki. Hakanan suna rage fitar da hayaki na VOC da kashi 15-25% ta hanyar rage lalata yanayin zafi yayin sarrafawa.
Stabilizers a matsayin Magani na Tusa
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PVC stabilizers ba kawai additives ba ne - suna ba da damar samar da PVC-AL mai dacewa. Ta hanyar rage lalata yanayin zafi, tabbatar da bin ka'ida, da haɓaka dorewa, suna warware kurakuran da ke cikin polymer. Wancan ya ce, ba za su iya magance duk ƙalubalen masana'antu ba: ci gaban masana'antar filastik da kuma sake amfani da sinadarai sun kasance masu mahimmanci don daidaita PVC-AL tare da manufofin tattalin arziki madauwari. A halin yanzu, duk da haka, ingantattun tsarin daidaitawa sune mafi kyawun fasaha da kuma tsadar hanya zuwa inganci mai inganci, mai dacewa da fata na wucin gadi na PVC.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-12-2025